Essay On Cd Metal - 1141 Words

Interpolating Cd Metal in Soil Using Spatial Techniques in Metropolis Areas of Faisalabad Abstract Rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades has resulted in large emissions of heavy metals especially in urban soils around the world. Soil contamination with heavy metals may pose serious threat to environmental quality and human health due to their toxicity even at low concentration. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals that has high mobility in soil-plant system and can accumulate in plant and human bodies. In this study, we determined the content of Cd in urban and peri-urban soils of four towns (Lyallpur, Iqbal, Jinnah and Madina) of Faisalabad. The samples of surface soil (0-15 cm) were collected from†¦show more content†¦Due to massive increase in population and so residential colonies in Pakistan many industrial units once located outside of big cities has now surrounded by living places. This is particularly true for Faisalabad Metropolitan, where many industrial units once outside city have been surrounded by many residential colonies. Most of these industrial units release untreated wastewater and gaseous pollutants in soil-water and air compartments of atmosphere. The waste water released from industrial units is being used by farmers for growing several vegetables and fodder crops. The continuous use of such waste water for irrigation is introducing many heavy metals in soils. These heavy metals especially cadmium (Cd) from soils can easily enter food through the consumption of food crops grown on metal contaminated soils. Owing to high mobility in soil-water-plant nexus, Cd is easily entered in food chain and thus can pose serious threat to biological molecules and affects several body functions in human body. (Momodu and Anyakora, 2010). Soil is a heterogeneous body that shows large variations in most of the properties (physical, chemical and biological). Although many factors and processes of soil formation contribute to the variation in soil properties, time and space are the two most importantShow MoreRelatedBob Marleys Redemption Song933 Words   |  4 Pageshome the message. By seeking redemption through music he encourages us to ask ourselves what of our personal redemption. Redemption Song became a part of my life accidently. Someone left a Marley CD at my house, I bought a car with a CD player and as a break from my usual thrash metal I put in this CD. The soulful strains of Redemption song caught my attention and the different feel was a welcome break. It took a long time for the words to sink in, to emancipate myself from mental slavery for meRead MoreRubbish Has No Value1458 Words   |  6 Pages‘Rubbish has no value’. Identify the arguments for and against this view. Essay Plan: 1. Introduction - Explain the word ‘rubbish’ and introduce the related issues. 2. Consumer society, mass consumption and rising affluence – introduction to history, grounds and effects. 3. Rubbish as a valuable material; Michael Thompson theory and re-valuation; waste as a useful resource. 4. Conclusion – best ways to handle the rising problem like mass consumption, production, rubbish and how to protect itRead MoreComparing the Advertising of Different Companies of a Non-Gender Specific Product1131 Words   |  5 PagesComparing the Advertising of Different Companies of a Non-Gender Specific Product For my essay I am going to compare and contrast the advertising of different companies of a non-gender specific product, namely music systems. I am going to look at examples of print adverts and language specifically from TEAC Systems and compare them to rivals in the market place. In this essay I am going to look specifically at the interesting campaign running for TEAC stereo systems. The campaign is highlyRead MoreHow Lasers Work, The Development Over Time And The Effect On People s Lives1364 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss how lasers work, the development over time and the effect on people’s lives. Lasers work by using a process called stimulated emission which allows an incoming photon (of a precise level) to interact with an excited atomic electron. Stimulated emission allows three things to occur. The first is the light from a laser being monochromatic. This means that the light is of only of one specific wavelength of colour. The wavelength of light is decided by the amount of energy releasedRead MoreOne World Essay Microwave Oven1666 Words   |  7 PagesMYP Science One World Essay : Microwave Oven Word Count : 1,325 Imagine what life was like before the microwave oven was created. Time would be wasted in reheating certain foods when using a stove to reheat. As it takes a long time to preheat a stove, which is what was used before the microwave oven to reheat food. Using a traditional stove also tends to create a more stressful environment when being used because of the heat that builds up in the area making it uncomfortable. This does not existRead MoreRubbish Has No Value. Identify the Arguments for and Against This View.1171 Words   |  5 Pageskilograms. This trend has been explained by the growing affluence of the general person and their greater amount of disposable income, which is then being spent on luxury products. As a result, more and more waste is being generated each year; this essay will explore the arguments around whether this ever increasing amount of rubbish has any value. One line of reasoning is that rubbish does not have value, or at least has very little in relation to its starting value. This can be explained by examiningRead MoreSociety with Music2717 Words   |  11 Pagesmusic festivals in today’s society. Music has changed a lot within the past few decades. Music festivals have pretty much stayed the same. People can be judged on the type of music that they listen to as well as the way that they dress. In this essay I will consider how music relates to a sociological theory, three social concepts, how music has changed, peoples clothing appearance, race in relation to music, TV in relation with music, different type of music magazines, the radio, and music festivalsRead MoreThe Active Pixel Sensor Of Digital Cameras1432 Words   |  6 Pagesthe other hand CMOS sensors can be very conveniently integrated with the silicon substrate. The main objective of this essay is to provide information about active pixel sensors. Introduction The market for image sensors are showing an enormous increase in sales and developments of digital cameras and mobile phone cameras. Imaging sensors are mainly of two types: complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors and charge couple device (CCD) sensors. Active pixel sensors (APS) are the emergingRead MoreEssay on Society’s Influence on 1984 and George Orwell1391 Words   |  6 Pagessurveillance practices: The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it; moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard. There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment. (Orwell 6) In 1949 when this book was written, the world was in war, or had just gotten out of it.Read MoreValuing Rubbish Essay example1433 Words   |  6 PagesRubbish has no value. Identify the arguments for and against this view. Essay Plan. Process words- Identify the arguments. (outline the arguments) Content words- Rubbish, Value. Rubbish is the invisible part of consumption (Brown, 2009, p103). The definition of rubbish via the dictionary is something that is worthless, unwanted material that is rejected or thrown out; (Dictionary.com, July 2012). It is something that no one wants and ought to be out of the way and out of sight

Wayward Puritans Book Review Essay - 1064 Words

As a sociologist, Kai T. Erikson looks at history as a reflection of changes in societal norms and expectations. Erikson re-visits his look at historical happenings of the Puritans in his novel â€Å"Wayward Puritans: A Study in the Sociology of Deviance†. By examining several â€Å"crime waves† throughout history, Erikson points out several aspects of how we see deviance. After researching Puritan lifestyle and the corresponding influences of deviance, Erikson explores the Antinomian Controversy, the Quaker Invasion, and the Witches of Salem Village. In his first chapter, Erikson gives regard to a foremost leader in sociology; Emile Durkheim. As he notes, crime is really a natural kind of social activity. If crime is a natural part of†¦show more content†¦In some cases, as Erikson explains, labeling and isolating deviants together creates an even worse problem than the initial crime. Prison systems are notorious for a hierarchical system of criminals, wi th those on top teaching and grooming the amateurs for worse crimes. With this in mind, Erikson looks at a much lesser yet historically relevant form of deviance; the Puritans’ detachment from the Church. Erikson explains that to most English people of the 16th century, Puritans became an annoying sect of rebels. Overbearing and unrelenting, many detested the exaggeration of conventional values that the Puritans displayed. Feeling restricted by the formalities of the Church, Puritans quickly became deviant in the eyes of society. By moving to Massachusetts Bay, Puritans hoped to create their own ideas of what is â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong†, much like any community attempting to set boundaries. However, problems arose when laws were to be mandated in a Biblical sense. God could not sit at a pulpit in a courtroom, so then how would a strictly religious group maintain itself? As Erikson states, â€Å"one of the surest ways to confirm an identity, for comm unities as well as individuals, is to find some way of measuring what one is not†. From this, they developed a keen sense of Devil distinction – that is, ways in which the Devil presented himself through the behaviors of individuals. Three separate yet similarly crisis provoking â€Å"crime waves† swept throughShow MoreRelatedPerspectives on Love in Reality Parenting Shows1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthose parents who are struggling with their wayward son or daughter because parents can get tips on how to approach their children. Teenagers of these generations nowadays are much more aggressive, librated and impatient compared to the past generations. They are so curious they want to try everything without second thoughts. From being a blessing, they suddenly became a burden to their parents and this is the reason behind why a lot of parenting shows, books and websites suddenly appears but stillRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pagesespecially because its members do not have a great deal of individual responsibility and because it still lacks a written body of knowledge and educationally communicable techniques. 1917 Mary Richmond publishes Social Diagnosis. Social workers use her book as a primary text and as an answer to Flexner. ï‚ · The first organization for social workers is established. The national Social Workers Exchange exists primarily to process applicants for social work jobs. 1919 The 17 schools of social work that existRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire: the Importance of Being Earnest9437 Words   |  38 Pagesnotion of â€Å"Bunbury† or â€Å"Bunburying.† As defined by Algernon, Bunburying is the practice of creating an elaborate deception that allows one to misbehave while seeming to uphold the very highest standards of duty and responsibility. Jack’s imaginary, wayward brother Ernest is a device not only for escaping social and moral obligations but also one that allows Jack to appear far more moral and responsible than he actually is. Similarly, Algernon’s imaginary invalid friend Bunbury allows Algernon to escapeRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 Pageshow society views drug use. This literature review will use a selection of available documents on the topic, which contain information, ideas, data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfill certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is to be investigated, and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed. {Chris Hart, Doing a Literature Review, 1998, p.13}. This paper will focus on the labeling

Machiavelli, A Founding Father Free Essays

Machiavelli advocated centralization and concentration of power in The Prince while the authors of the Federalist Papers call for the separation of powers and a system of checks and balances.   The Prince, however, was a job application to Lorenzo di Medici the son of Piero di Medici.   Lorenzo had just inherited the principality of   Florence by settlement of a war with the Pope and his mercenaries ( Lerner xxvii) in 1512. We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli, A Founding Father? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Machiavelli, was however, not as alien to the ideas of the Convention espoused by the various   Federalist Papers.  Ã‚   For much of his life he was staunchly republican in his outlook; the loss of the Florentine Republic and his position as an advisor to the powerful were powerful motivators to write a pro-monarchy text to regain his former position in the new state.( Lerner xxviii) During this imposed exile from the halls of power Machiavelli’s works included the Discourses, an analysis of the Roman Republic, its power structure, and its defects.   In The Discourses Machiavelli is plainly pro-republic, though he also manages to treat the issue of a monarchy as well.   Machiavelli’s ideas are included to some degree in the Federalist Papers and the Constitution of the United States. Machiavelli, Hamilton, Jay, and Madison would all find agreement in some of the most important aspects of the governing of a Republic; including the use of a standing army and the separation of powers. Standing Army The issue of a standing army was a touchy one for the convention.   The military was part of the executive power and a standing army could be abused.   Indeed he warns of this in Federalist #8 : But in a country, where the perpetual menacings of danger oblige the government to always be prepared to repel it, her armies are must be numerous enough for instant defence.†Ã‚  Ã‚   The importance of the of the soldier is enhanced and the military state is elevated above the civil. In territories that are often the theatre of war , are unavoidably subjected to frequent violation of their rights; and by degrees the people come to consider the soldier their superiors. ( #8, p35)However , the Convention left the raising of regular troops solely under the authority of   Congress, and not the President. Thus   they are under the control of the people; the Congress shall decide when a standing military is necessary; before a President has them to Command.   Hamilton says that the power to maintain a standing army in time of peace is a necessary caution given the fact that the Dominions of Britain and Spain border the fledgling nation.(#24, p120). Machiavelli would agree: â€Å"Such princes and republics of modern times as have no national troops for defense or attack ought well to be ashamed of it†¦.† (prince 175) and I conclude, therefore, that no principality is secure without having its own forces† (Prince pg 52-53) Separation of Powers The separation of powers has been regarded as the hallmark of republican principles.   The separation of power among three distinct branches of government prevents any one person from acting as â€Å"legislator, judge, and executioner.†Ã‚   In this way the abuse of power leading to Tyranny is avoided. Machiavelli states much the same in The Discourses: ALL those who have written upon civil institutions demon- strate (and history is full of examples to support them) that whoever desires to found a state and give it laws, must start with assuming that all men are bad and ever ready to display their vicious nature, whenever they may find occasion for it. ( 117) An early form of the system checks and balances was the formation of the Tribunes in the Roman Republic.   The Tribunes served to act as a sort of Legislative judge curbing and investigating alleged excesses by the Senators of Rome.( Machiavelli, â€Å"Discourses†, 118)   The Convention went further; it gave executive authority to the President, but withheld the purse, and it gave the Sword to Congress but required the Executive to wield it, and gave the Law to Congress but allowed both the Justice and Executive to disapprove it, gave Congress the means to remove an executive or a justice from office, but made the members of Congress answerable to the whole of the People. Madison says that â€Å"The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judicial in the same hands, whether of one, of few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of Tyranny.†(Carey lxx)  Ã‚   So both men believed that the separation of powers in a Republic is a fundamental principle defending the liberty of the citizen.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both men also believed that the authority of the supreme executive should to some respect be stronger than that of the regional powers. While the Federal system resembles more closely the â€Å"Prince and Baron† model warned against by Machiavelli; through well-thought out assignment of the powers to the Federal Government the position of the regional powers (Governors of the States) approach the â€Å"Prince and Servants† model advocated by him.   The Convention took the middle ground with the powers of the Executive (federal) being supreme only in its assigned sphere and that of the regional to be supreme within its own sphere.   Conflicts between States and the Federal authority were to be resolved by the Supreme Court.   Therefore no one State was in a position to help outside enemies to oppose the Federal government, but simultaneously the Federal authority could not rule by fiat as a Prince might have done. Conclusion: So which model was more capable of maintaining order and curtailing disorder from below?   History seems to indicate that the careful checks and balances and the general separation of powers have been more enduring than a centralized Monarchy.   France proved the wisdom of the system of checks and balances when the National Assembly seized all power for the purpose of reforming the government.   This attempt, while its aims were noble, failed catastrophically and subjected the People of France to a series of tyrants, emperors, and various violations of their civil liberties for nearly a century. Absolute Monarchy as Machiavelli said, is stable only so long as the ruler is ruthless when necessary and is either loved or feared by its people.   The problem seems to be that this merely builds up pressure in the people; who will begin to rebel the moment any hesitation by the monarch is shown either internally or through circumstance such as war.   This process happened on a world-wide scale and was experienced by Britain, France, Egypt, Iran, and may be happening now in Saudi Arabia and the Emirates of the Middle East. Machiavelli states that all laws of liberty come from the open opposition in the legislature between two classes; the Nobles and the People.(Machiavelli,   â€Å"Discourses†, p119)   The constitution eliminated the Nobility but a similar problem of factions: Those who have power, those who want power, those who want to oppress.   In a similar fashion to the Tribunes of Rome the various divisions of power executive, legislative, judicial, the National, and the Regional allow open discussion and opposition without providing any overt favor to one faction over another;( Madison, â€Å"Federalist #10†, pp 42-48) ensuring that laws of liberty continue to come from the discourses of those vying for power. ( Madison, â€Å"Federalist #10†, pp42-48) The Republican ideas that Machiavelli held and published in his works might well mark him as one of the founders of   the modern republic along with Locke, Montesque, and the other Enlightenment philosophers. Works Cited Carey, George W. and James McClellan. Reader’s Guide. The Federalist. By   Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. Indianapolis:   Liberty Fund 2001 Hamilton, Alexander, John Jay, and James Madison. The Federalist. Ed. George W. Carey and James McClellan. The Gideon Edition. Indianapolis:   Liberty Fund 2001 Learner, Max. Introduction.   The Prince and the Discourses. By Niccolo Machiavelli. New York: Random House 1950 Machiavelli, Niccolo. â€Å"The Prince†. Ed. E.R.P Vincent. Trans. Luigi Ricci. The Prince and the Discourses. New York: Random House 1950 Machiavelli, Niccolo. â€Å"The Discourses†.   Trans. Christian E. Detmold. The Prince and the Discourses. New York: Random House 1950          How to cite Machiavelli, A Founding Father?, Essay examples

Deviance free essay sample

On August 25, 2013 the world watched in disgust as celebrity Miley Cyrus twerked and gyrated on stage at the Video Music Awards Show. People caused a fuss over her back up dancers all being African American women with large derrieres, her twerking, pointing to her feminine area on her body, pushing her face in one of her dancers derriere while smacking it, grinding on a foam finger, and grinding on a married man. The sociological perspective on deviance is described by â€Å"sociologist Howard S. Becker [as]: It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant† (Henslin 190). Although this behavior is deemed as normal in music videos and clubs, it was considered unacceptable because Miley Cyrus started her career as a child star on Disney Channel; a cable network that targets children of all ages. Miley started on a sitcom called Hannah Montana and quickly became popular with kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Deviance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though the star is now 20 years old and no longer work as Hannah Montana she is still considered that little girl from Disney and it shocked the world for her to behave in such a way. Also, it was deemed inappropriate by the Parents Television Council because MTV â€Å"falsely rat[ed] th[e] program as appropriate for kids as young as 14† (LA Times). The social control of deviance takes many forms, including the actions of the police (Henslin 195). On this particular behavior, social control happened right after the show aired, as many took to social media sites to respond and others voiced their opinion via television. For example, Morning Joe co-anchor Mika Brzezinski, on MSNBC, was not amused by the performance at all, calling it really, really disturbing. She continued saying that Miley Cyrus was â€Å"deeply troubled, deeply disturbed† (LA Times). On NBCs Today show, guest co-anchor Brooke Shields, who played Mileys mom on Hannah Montana, called the performance desperate. Co-anchor Willie Geist, on Today show, characterized it as a big Disney over-correction† (LA Times). The crew on Fox Friends also trashed the performance, with guest co-h ost Anna Kooiman commenting on the performance calling it â€Å"raunchy† (LA Times). Every society has boundaries that divide what is considered socially acceptable from what is not (Henslin 193). Miley Cyrus spoke out about the negative sanctions she was receiving from her performance stating she wanted to create history. Day, Patrick Kevin. â€Å"Miley Cyrus VMA performance: Media react in shock.† Articles.LATimes. n.p., 26 August 2013. Web. 7 November 2013.On August 25, 2013 the world watched in disgust as celebrity Miley Cyrus twerked and gyrated on stage at the Video Music Awards Show. People caused a fuss over her back up dancers all being African American women with large derrieres, her twerking, pointing to her feminine area on her body, pushing her face in one of her dancers derriere while smacking it, grinding on a foam finger, and grinding on a married man. The sociological perspective on deviance is described by â€Å"sociologist Howard S. Becker [as]: It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant† (Henslin 190). Although this behavior is deemed as normal in music videos and clubs, it was considered unacceptable because Miley Cyrus started her career as a child star on Disney Channel; a cable network that targets children of all ages. Miley started on a sitcom called Hannah Montana and quickly became popular with kids. Even though the star is now 20 years old and no longer work as Hannah Montana she is still considered that little girl from Disney and it shocked the world for her to behave in such a way. Also, it was deemed inappropriate by the Parents Television Council because MTV â€Å"falsely rat[ed] th[e] program as appropriate for kids as young as 14† (LA Times). The social control of deviance takes many forms, including the actions of the police (Henslin 195). On this particular behavior, social control happened right after the show aired, as many took to social media sites to respond and others voiced their opinion via television. For example, Morning Joe co-anchor Mika Brzezinski, on MSNBC, was not amused by the performance at all, calling it really, really disturbing. She continued saying that Miley Cyrus was â€Å"deeply troubled, deeply disturbed† (LA Times). On NBCs Today show, guest co-anchor Brooke Shields, who played Mileys mom on Hannah Montana, called the performance desperate. Co-anchor Willie Geist, on Today show, characterized it as a big Disney over-correction† (LA Times). The crew on Fox Friends also trashed the performance, with guest co-h ost Anna Kooiman commenting on the performance calling it â€Å"raunchy† (LA Times). Every society has boundaries that divide what is considered socially acceptable from what is not (Henslin 193). Miley Cyrus spoke out about the negative sanctions she was receiving from her performance stating she wanted to create history. Day, Patrick Kevin. â€Å"Miley Cyrus VMA performance: Media react in shock.† Articles.LATimes. n.p., 26 August 2013. Web. 7 November 2013.